A Social Security number (SSN) and an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) look alike, but they’re issued by different agencies for different reasons.
| SSN | ITIN | |
|---|---|---|
| Issued by | Social Security Administration | IRS |
| Who gets it | Citizens, permanent residents, people authorized to work | People who must file US taxes but can’t get an SSN |
| Allows work? | Tied to work authorization | No |
| Used for | Jobs, taxes, benefits, credit | Tax filing; some banks accept it |
Who needs an ITIN
- Dependent spouses and children of visa holders who aren’t eligible for an SSN
- Nonresidents with US income that must be reported
- Some people claiming tax treaty benefits
How to apply for an ITIN
Most people file Form W-7 together with a federal tax return, with original identity documents or certified copies. Certifying Acceptance Agents can verify documents so you don’t have to mail your passport.
Can an ITIN help with banking and credit?
Some banks and credit card issuers accept an ITIN in place of an SSN. It can help you start a credit history, but options are more limited.
